… Immune cells contain opioid peptides that are released within inflamed tissue and act at
opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve endings. It is also apparent that different types of …

… peripheral opioid receptors. This review presents the discoveries that led to the concept of
analgesia produced by immune-derived opioids… induced antinociception is mediated by opioid …

… Here we examine peripheral antinociception elicited by … -releasing factor (CRF)-induced
antinociception. To this end, we … this effect is mediated by peripheral opioid receptors. This is …

… a peripherally restricted opioid receptor … opioids by colitogenic CD4 + T cells present in the
mucosa. This mini‐review provides a brief overview of analgesia by immune‐derived opioids …

… of opioid receptors in peripheral nerve terminals, contributing to the antinociceptive efficacy
of opiates … is a contribution of both central and peripheral opioid receptors; however, in later …

… , and function of peripheral opioid receptors, the production and release of opioid peptides
in peripheral inflamed tissue, implications for analgesia and opioid tolerance, therapeutic …

… here on opioids, the most extensively investigated compounds. Pain inhibition mediated
by immune-derived opioids results from interactions with the peripheral nervous system. A …

… In summary, the available evidence indicates that opioid receptors on the peripheral terminals
of primary afferent nerves can mediate potent antinociceptive effects. Activation of these …

… opioid peptides and their precursor proteins The mechanism proposed for this immune-derived
peripheral antinociception … they release endogenous opioid peptides upon stimulation …

… Opioid peptides and their roles in anti-nociception have been extensively examined and
their clinical relevance has been demonstrated in both human and animal studies (Busch-…